Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: Gut microbiota signatures in primary aldosteronism and functional identification of an aldosterone-degrading gut bacterium

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2657047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of R. gnavus -mediated degradation of aldosterone and multiple steroid hormones in germ-free mice. (a) Experimental design. (b) Quantification of R. gnavus colonization in fecal samples by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting R. gnavus -specific 16S rRNA gene sequences. (c-d) Fecal (c) and serum (d) aldosterone concentrations in germ-free (GF) mice and GF mice colonized with R. gnavus . (e) mRNA expression levels of aldosterone-responsive genes related to intestinal epithelial ion transport in the distal colon. (f) Fecal concentrations of steroid hormones. 21C, C21 steroid hormones; 19C, C19 steroid hormones; 18C, C18 steroid hormones; 11-DOC, 11-deoxycorticosterone. For (b-c) and (e-f), n = 9 per group. For (d), n = 6 for the PBS group and n = 7 for the R. gnavus group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Following quantification, RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the HiScript III All-in-one RT SuperMix Perfect for qPCR (Vazyme, Nanjing, China). qPCR was carried out on an ABI platform (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Vazyme, Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: Gut microbiota signatures in primary aldosteronism and functional identification of an aldosterone-degrading gut bacterium

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2657047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attenuation of exogenous aldosterone-induced physiological alterations by R. gnavus in vivo . (a) Experimental design. (b) Quantification of R. gnavus colonization in fecal samples by qPCR targeting R. gnavus -specific 16S rRNA gene sequences. (c-g) Serum aldosterone concentrations (c), fecal aldosterone concentrations (d), systolic blood pressure (e), serum sodium (f), and serum potassium (g) in antibiotic (ABX)-treated mice receiving VEH + PBS ( n = 5), ALD + PBS ( n = 6), or ALD + RG ( n = 6). VEH, vehicle; ALD, aldosterone; RG, Ruminococcus gnavus ; Serum Na + , serum sodium; Serum K + , serum potassium. For (b-g), data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Following quantification, RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the HiScript III All-in-one RT SuperMix Perfect for qPCR (Vazyme, Nanjing, China). qPCR was carried out on an ABI platform (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Vazyme, Nanjing, China).

Techniques: In Vivo

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Age- and Sex-Specific Regulation of Serine Racemase in the Retina of an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse

doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.1.36

Figure Lengend Snippet: The 17β-estradiol increased Srr mRNA levels in cultured Müller cells . ( A ) Representative immunofluorescent images of Müller cell cultures. Glutamine synthetase (GS) was used to identify Müller cells. ( B , C ) Müller cell cultures were treated with Aβo (300 nM) and/or 17β-Estradiol (“E2,” 10 nM) for 24 hours. After treatment, cultured Müller cells were harvested and subjected to Western blot analysis for SR ( n = 4). The α-Tubulin was used as a loading control. The ratios of SR protein to α-tubulin were normalized to control treatment, which was set to 1. ( D ) With the same treatments, cultured Müller cells were subjected to RT-qPCR analysis for Srr mRNA ( n = 9). The 2 −ΔΔCT of Srr mRNA (referenced to Gapdh mRNA) was normalized to the control treatment, which was set to 1. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used in C and D , * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: HiScript III RT SuperMix for qPCR (+gDNA wiper) was from GenBio (Ontario, Canada).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR